This gene encodes a non-receptor tyrosine kinase belonging to the Tec kinase family. The protein contains a PH-like domain, which mediates membrane targeting by binding to phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-triphosphate (PIP3), and a SH2 domain that binds to tyrosine-phosphorylated proteins and functions in signal transduction. The protein is implicated in several signal transduction pathways including the Stat pathway, and regulates differentiation and tumorigenicity of several types of cancer cells. Multiple alternatively spliced variants, encoding the same protein, have been identified.[provided by RefSeq, Sep 2009].
Function: Non-receptor tyrosine kinase that plays central but diverse modulatory roles in various signaling processes involved in the regulation of actin reorganization, cell migration, cell proliferation and survival, cell adhesion, and apoptosis. Participates in signal transduction stimulated by growth factor receptors, cytokine receptors, G-protein coupled receptors, antigen receptors and integrins. Induces tyrosine phosphorylation of BCAR1 in response to integrin regulation. Activation of BMX by integrins is mediated by PTK2/FAK1, a key mediator of integrin signaling events leading to the regulation of actin cytoskeleton and cell motility. Plays a critical role in TNF-induced angiogenesis, and implicated in the signaling of TEK and FLT1 receptors, 2 important receptor families essential for angiogenesis. Required for the phosphorylation and activation of STAT3, a transcription factor involved in cell differentiation. Also involved in interleukin-6 (IL6) induced differentiation. Plays also a role in programming adaptive cytoprotection against extracellular stress in different cell systems, salivary epithelial cells, brain endothelial cells, and dermal fibroblasts. May be involved in regulation of endocytosis through its interaction with an endosomal protein RUFY1. May also play a role in the growth and differentiation of hematopoietic cells; as well as in signal transduction in endocardial and arterial endothelial cells.
Subunit: Interacts with BCAR1, CAV1, MYD88, PTK2/FAK1, RUFY1, RUFY2, STAT3, TIRAP and TNFRSF1B.
Subcellular Location: Cytoplasm. Note=Localizes to the edges of spreading cells when complexed with BCAR1.
Tissue Specificity: Highly expressed in cells with great migratory potential, including endothelial cells and metastatic carcinoma cell lines.
Post-translational modifications: Phosphorylated in response to protein I/II and to LPS. Phosphorylation at Tyr-566 by SRC and by autocatalysis leads to activation and is required for STAT3 phosphorylation by BMX.
Similarity: Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily. Tyr protein kinase family. TEC subfamily. Contains 1 Btk-type zinc finger. Contains 1 PH domain. Contains 1 protein kinase domain. Contains 1 SH2 domain.
