Ubiquitin like proteins fall into two classes: the first class, ubiquitin-like modifiers (UBLs) function as modifiers in a manner analogous to that of ubiquitin. Examples of UBLs are SUMO, Rub1 (also called Nedd8), Apg12 and Hub1. Proteins of the second class include Parkin, RAD23 and DSK2, are designated ubiquitin domain proteins (UDPs). These proteins contain domains that are related to ubiquitin but are otherwise unrelated to each other. In contrast to UBLs, UDPs are not proteolytically processed or conjugated to other proteins. Rub1 and the corresponding human homolog NEDD8 are activated by the E1 ubiquitin activating enzyme UBA2, that forms isopeptide linkages between thio esters. NEDD8 shows 80% homology to ubiquitin. The best known targets of Rub1 modification are members of the cullin family. Cullins are subunits of an E3 ubiquitin ligase complex called the Skp1 /Cul1/Cdc53 F box (SCF). The SCF promotes transfer of ubiquitin from a ubiquitin conjugating enzyme (E2) to the target protein. Rub1 modification may regulate SCF function or localization.
Function:
Ubiquitin-like protein which plays an important role in cell cycle control and embryogenesis. Covalent attachment to its substrates requires prior activation by the E1 complex UBE1SLCAPPBP1 and linkage to the E2 enzyme UBE2M. Attachment of NEDD8 to cullins activates their associated E3 ubiquitin ligase activity, and thus promotes polyubiquitination and proteasomal degradation of cyclins and other regulatory proteins.
Subunit:
Directly interacts with NUB1 and AHR. Covalently attached to cullins and p53.
Subcellular Location:
Nucleus. Note=Mainly nuclear.
Tissue Specificity:
Highly expressed in heart, skeletal muscle, spleen, thymus, prostate, testis, ovary, colon and leukocytes.
Post-translational modifications:
Cleavage of precursor form by UCHL3 or SENP8 is necessary for function.
Similarity:
Belongs to the ubiquitin family.
SWISS:
Q15843
Gene ID:
4738
Database links:
Entrez Gene: 35151 Fruit fly (Drosophila melanogaster)
Entrez Gene: 4738 Human
Entrez Gene: 3602 Mouse
Entrez Gene: 25490 Rat
Entrez Gene: 368667 Zebrafish
Omim: 603171 Human
SwissProt: Q9VJ33 Fruit fly (Drosophila melanogaster)
SwissProt: Q15843 Human
SwissProt: P29595 Mouse
SwissProt: Q71UE8 Rat
Unigene: 30848 Fruit fly (Drosophila melanogaster)
Unigene: 531064 Human
Unigene: 296566 Mouse
Unigene: 216415 Rat
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