Potent mitogen and chemoattractant for cells of mesenchymal origin. Binding of this growth factor to its affinity receptor elicits a variety of cellular responses. Appears to be involved in the three stages of wound healing: inflammation, proliferation and remodeling. Involved in fibrotic processes, in which transformation of interstitial fibroblasts into myofibroblasts plus collagen deposition occurs. Acts as a specific ligand for alpha platelet-derived growth factor receptor homodimer, and alpha and beta heterodimer. Binding to receptors induces their activation by tyrosine phosphorylation. The CUB domain has mitogenic activity in coronary artery smooth muscle cells, suggesting a role beyond the maintainance of the latency of the PDGF domain. In the nucleus, PDGFC seems to have additional function. Seems to be involved in palatogenesis.
Function:
Growth factor that plays an essential role in the regulation of embryonic development, cell proliferation, cell migration, survival and chemotaxis. Potent mitogen and chemoattractant for cells of mesenchymal origin. Required for normal skeleton formation during embryonic development, especially for normal development of the craniofacial skeleton and for normal development of the palate. Required for normal skin morphogenesis during embryonic development. Plays an important role in wound healing, where it appears to be involved in three stages: inflammation, proliferation and remodeling. Plays an important role in angiogenesis and blood vessel development. Involved in fibrotic processes, in which transformation of interstitial fibroblasts into myofibroblasts plus collagen deposition occurs. The CUB domain has mitogenic activity in coronary artery smooth muscle cells, suggesting a role beyond the maintenance of the latency of the PDGF domain. In the nucleus, PDGFC seems to have additional function.
Subunit:
Homodimer; disulfide-linked. Interacts with PDGFRA homodimers, and with heterodimers formed by PDGFRA and PDGFRB. Interacts (via CUB domain) with PLAT (via kringle domain).
Subcellular Location:
Cytoplasm. Secreted. Nucleus. Cytoplasmic granule. Note=Sumoylated form is predominant in the nucleus. Stored in alpha granules in platelets. Membrane associated when bound to receptors.
Tissue Specificity:
Expressed in the fallopian tube, vascular smooth muscle cells in kidney, breast and colon and in visceral smooth muscle of the gastrointestinal tract. Highly expressed in retinal pigment epithelia. Expressed in medulloblastoma. In the kidney, constitutively expressed in parietal epithelial cells of Bowman's capsule, tubular epithelial cells and in arterial endothelial cells (at protein level). Highly expressed in the platelets, prostate, testis and uterus. Higher expression is observed in uterine leiomyomata. Weaker expression in the spleen, thymus, heart, pancreas, liver, ovary cells and small intestine, and negligible expression in the colon and peripheral blood leukocytes.
Post-translational modifications:
Proteolytic removal of the N-terminal CUB domain releasing the core domain is necessary for unmasking the receptor-binding epitopes of the core domain. Cleavage after basic residues in the hinge region (region connecting the CUB and growth factor domains) gives rise to the receptor-binding form. Cleaved by PLAT and PLG.
Sumoylated with SUMO1.
N-glycosylated.
Similarity:
Belongs to the PDGF/VEGF growth factor family.
Contains 1 CUB domain.
SWISS:
Q9NRA1
Gene ID:
56034
Database links:
Entrez Gene: 56034 Human
Entrez Gene: 54635 Mouse
Entrez Gene: 79429 Rat
Omim: 608452 Human
SwissProt: Q9I946 Chicken
SwissProt: Q9NRA1 Human
SwissProt: Q8CI19 Mouse
SwissProt: Q9EQX6 Rat
Unigene: 570855 Human
Unigene: 331089 Mouse
Unigene: 211987 Rat
|
|
