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Rabbit Anti-KRG2/DDX11 antibody
DEAD box proteins, characterized by the conserved motif Asp-Glu-Ala-Asp (DEAD), are putative RNA helicases. They are implicated in a number of cellular processes involving alteration of RNA secondary structure such as translation initiation, nuclear and mitochondrial splicing, and ribosome and spliceosome assembly. Based on their distribution patterns, some members of this family are believed to be involved in embryogenesis, spermatogenesis, and cellular growth and division. This gene encodes a DEAD box protein, which is an enzyme that possesses both ATPase and DNA helicase activities. This gene is a homolog of the yeast CHL1 gene, and may function to maintain chromosome transmission fidelity and genome stability. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]
Function:
DNA-dependent ATPase and ATP-dependent DNA helicase that participates in various functions in genomic stability, including DNA replication, DNA repair and heterochromatin organization as well as in ribosomal RNA synthesis. Its double-stranded DNA helicase activity requires either a minimal 5-single-stranded tail length of approximately 15 nt (flap substrates) or 10 nt length single-stranded gapped DNA substrates of a partial duplex DNA structure for helicase loading and translocation along DNA in a 5 to 3 direction . The helicase activity is capable of displacing duplex regions up to 100 bp, which can be extended up to 500 bp by the replication protein A (RPA) or the cohesion CTF18-replication factor C (Ctf18-RFC) complex activities . Shows also ATPase- and helicase activities on substrates that mimic key DNA intermediates of replication, repair and homologous recombination reactions, including forked duplex, anti-parallel G-quadruplex and three-stranded D-loop DNA molecules. Plays a role in DNA double-strand break (DSB) repair at the DNA replication fork during DNA replication recovery from DNA damage. Recruited with TIMELESS factor upon DNA-replication stress response at DNA replication fork to preserve replication fork progression, and hence ensure DNA replication fidelity. Cooperates also with TIMELESS factor during DNA replication to regulate proper sister chromatid cohesion and mitotic chromosome segregation. Stimulates 5-single-stranded DNA flap endonuclease activity of FEN1 in an ATP- and helicase-independent manner; and hence it may contribute in Okazaki fragment processing at DNA replication fork during lagging strand DNA synthesis. Its ability to function at DNA replication fork is modulated by its binding to long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) cohesion regulator non-coding RNA DDX11-AS1/CONCR, which is able to increase both DDX11 ATPase activity and binding to DNA replicating regions. Plays also a role in heterochromatin organization. Involved in rRNA transcription activation through binding to active hypomethylated rDNA gene loci by recruiting UBTF and the RNA polymerase Pol I transcriptional machinery. Plays a role in embryonic development and prevention of aneuploidy (By similarity). Involved in melanoma cell proliferation and survival. Associates with chromatin at DNA replication fork regions. Binds to single- and double-stranded DNAs.
Subunit:
Associates with the CTF18-RFC complex. Associates with a cohesin complex composed of RAD21, SMC1 proteins and SMC3. Interacts with CHTF18. Interacts with DSCC1. Interacts with FEN1; this interaction is direct and increases flap endonuclease activity of FEN1. Interacts with PCNA. Interacts with POLR1A and UBTF. Interacts with RAD21, SMC1 proteins and SMC3. Interacts with RFC2. Interacts with TIMELESS; this interaction increases recruitment of both proteins onto chromatin in response to replication stress induction by hydroxyurea.
(Microbial infection) Interacts with bovine papillomavirus type 1 regulatory protein E2; this interaction stimulates the recruitment of E2 onto mitotic chromosomes.
Subcellular Location:
Nucleus. Nucleus, nucleolus. Note=During the early stages of mitosis, localizes to condensed chromatin and is released from the chromatin with progression to metaphase. Also localizes to the spindle poles throughout mitosis and at the midbody at later stages of mitosis (metaphase to telophase). Co-localizes with bovine papillomavirus type 1 regulatory protein E2 at early stages of mitosis.
Tissue Specificity:
Expressed in melanoma cells. Not detected in epidermal melanocytes of normal skin (at protein level). Highly expressed in spleen, B-cells, thymus, testis, ovary, small intestine and pancreas. Very low expression seen in brain. Expressed in dividing cells and/or cells undergoing high levels of recombination. No expression detected in cells signaled to terminally differentiate. Expressed weakly in keratinocytes.
Similarity:
Belongs to the DEAD box helicase family. DEAH subfamily. DDX11/CHL1 sub-subfamily.
SWISS:
Q96FC9
Gene ID:
1663
Database links:
Entrez Gene: 1663 Human
Omim: 601150 Human
SwissProt: Q96FC9 Human
Unigene: 443960 Human
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