Eukaryotic RNA polymerase II mediates the synthesis of mature and functional messenger RNA. This is a multistep process, called the transcription cycle, that includes five stages: preinitiation, promoter, clearance, elongation and termination. Elongation is thought to be a critical stage for the regulation of gene expression. ELL (11-19 lysine-rich leukemia protein), also designated MEN, functions as an RNA polymerase II elongation factor that increases the rate of transcription by suppressing transient pausing by RNA polymerase II. It is also thought to regulate cellular proliferation. ELL is abundantly expressed in peripheral blood leukocytes, skeletal muscle, placenta and testis, with lower expression in spleen, thymus, heart, brain, lung, kidney, liver and ovary. ELL3 is a 397 amino acid nuclear protein that functions as an RNA polymerase II elongation factor that increases the rate of transcription by suppressing transient pausing by RNA polymerase II. Though similar to ELL and ELL2, ELL3 is exclusively expressed in testis.
Function:
Involved in cell cycle regulation. Could be involved in the growth arrest and differentiation of the neuronal precursors (By similarity). Anti-proliferative protein. Modulates transcription regulation mediated by ESR1. Involved in mitochondrial depolarization and neurite outgrowth.
Subunit:
Interacts with PRKCABP. Binds the CCR4-NOT complex. Interacts with PIN1, inducing mitochondrial depolarization.
Post-translational modifications:
Phosphorylated at Ser-147 by MAPK1/ERK2 and MAPK3/ERK1, and at Ser-149 by MAPK14, leading to PIN1-binding and mitochondrial depolarization.
Similarity:
Belongs to the BTG family.
SWISS:
Q9HB65
Gene ID:
80237
Database links:
Entrez Gene: 80237 Human
Entrez Gene: 269344 Mouse
Entrez Gene: 296102 Rat
Omim: 609885 Human
SwissProt: Q9HB65 Human
SwissProt: Q80VR2 Mouse
SwissProt: Q5XFX8 Rat
Unigene: 706346 Human
Unigene: 330522 Mouse
Unigene: 162689 Rat
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