This gene encodes a member of the epidermal growth factor superfamily. The encoded preproprotein is proteolytically processed to generate the 53-amino acid epidermal growth factor peptide. This protein acts a potent mitogenic factor that plays an important role in the growth, proliferation and differentiation of numerous cell types. This protein acts by binding with high affinity to the cell surface receptor, epidermal growth factor receptor. Defects in this gene are the cause of hypomagnesemia type 4. Dysregulation of this gene has been associated with the growth and progression of certain cancers. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants, at least one of which encodes a preproprotein that is proteolytically processed. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2016].
Function:
EGF stimulates the growth of various epidermal and epithelial tissues in vivo and in vitro and of some fibroblasts in cell culture. Magnesiotropic hormone that stimulates magnesium reabsorption in the renal distal convoluted tubule via engagement of EGFR and activation of the magnesium channel TRPM6.
Subcellular Location:
Membrane; Single-pass type I membrane protein.
Tissue Specificity:
Expressed in kidney, salivary gland, cerebrum and prostate.
Post-translational modifications:
O-glycosylated with core 1-like and core 2-like glycans. It is uncertain if Ser-954 or Thr-955 is O-glycosylated. The modification here shows glycan heterogeneity: HexHexNAc (major) and Hex2HexNAc2 (minor).
DISEASE:
Defects in EGF are the cause of hypomagnesemia type 4 (HOMG4) [MIM:611718]; also known as renal hypomagnesemia normocalciuric. HOMG4 is a disorder characterized by massive renal hypomagnesemia and normal levels of serum calcium and calcium excretion. Clinical features include seizures, mild-to moderate psychomotor retardation, and brisk tendon reflexes.
Similarity:
Contains 9 EGF-like domains.
Contains 9 LDL-receptor class B repeats.
SWISS:
P01133
Gene ID:
1950
Database links:
Entrez Gene: 1950 Human
Entrez Gene: 13645 Mouse
Omim: 131530 Human
SwissProt: P01133 Human
SwissProt: P01132 Mouse
Unigene: 419815 Human
Unigene: 252481 Mouse
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