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Rabbit Anti-MAP3K4 antibody
The central core of each mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway is a conserved cascade of 3 protein kinases: an activated MAPK kinase kinase (MAPKKK) phosphorylates and activates a specific MAPK kinase (MAPKK), which then activates a specific MAPK. While the ERK MAPKs are activated by mitogenic stimulation, the CSBP2 and JNK MAPKs are activated by environmental stresses such as osmotic shock, UV irradiation, wound stress, and inflammatory factors. This gene encodes a MAPKKK, the MEKK4 protein, also called MTK1. This protein contains a protein kinase catalytic domain at the C terminus. The N-terminal nonkinase domain may contain a regulatory domain. Expression of MEKK4 in mammalian cells activated the CSBP2 and JNK MAPK pathways, but not the ERK pathway. In vitro kinase studies indicated that recombinant MEKK4 can specifically phosphorylate and activate PRKMK6 and SERK1, MAPKKs that activate CSBP2 and JNK, respectively but cannot phosphorylate PRKMK1, an MAPKK that activates ERKs. MEKK4 is a major mediator of environmental stresses that activate the CSBP2 MAPK pathway, and a minor mediator of the JNK pathway. Two alternatively spliced transcripts encoding distinct isoforms have been described. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]
Function:
Component of a protein kinase signal transduction cascade. Activates the CSBP2, P38 and JNK MAPK pathways, but not the ERK pathway. Specifically phosphorylates and activates MAP2K4 and MAP2K6.
Subunit:
Monomer and homodimer. Homodimerization enhances kinase activity. Interacts with TRAF4; this promotes homodimerization (By similarity). Binds both upstream activators and downstream substrates in multimolecular complexes. Interacts with AXIN1 and DIXDC1; interaction with DIXDC1 prevents interaction with AXIN1.
Subcellular Location:
Cytoplasm, perinuclear region (By similarity). Note=Localized in perinuclear vesicular-like structures, probably Golgi-associated vesicles
Tissue Specificity:
Expressed at high levels in heart, placenta, skeletal muscle and pancreas, and at lower levels in other tissues.
Similarity:
Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily. STE Ser/Thr protein kinase family.
MAP kinase kinase kinase subfamily.
Contains 1 protein kinase domain.
SWISS:
Q9Y6R4
Gene ID:
4216
Database links:
Entrez Gene: 4216 Human
Entrez Gene: 21287 Mouse
SwissProt: Q9Y6R4 Human
SwissProt: O08648 Mouse
Unigene: 390428 Human
Unigene: 28587 Mouse
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