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Rabbit Anti-phospho-Kir6.2 (Thr224) antibody
Potassium channels are present in most mammalian cells, where they participate in a wide range of physiologic responses. The protein encoded by this gene is an integral membrane protein and inward-rectifier type potassium channel. The encoded protein, which has a greater tendency to allow potassium to flow into a cell rather than out of a cell, is controlled by G-proteins and is found associated with the sulfonylurea receptor SUR. Mutations in this gene are a cause of familial persistent hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia of infancy (PHHI), an autosomal recessive disorder characterized by unregulated insulin secretion. Defects in this gene may also contribute to autosomal dominant non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus type II (NIDDM), transient neonatal diabetes mellitus type 3 (TNDM3), and permanent neonatal diabetes mellitus (PNDM). Multiple alternatively spliced transcript variants that encode different protein isoforms have been described for this gene. [provided by RefSeq]
Function:
ATP-sensitive potassium (K(ATP)) channels are found in endocrine cells, neurons and both smooth and striated muscle, where they play an important role in controlling insulin secretion and vascular tone, and protect neurons under metabolic stress. Kir6.2 is a member of the inward rectifier potassium channel family, which is characterised by a greater tendency to allow potassium flow into the cell rather than out of it. It associates with the sulphonylurea receptor SUR1/ABCC8 to form a subfamily of K(ATP) channels that, when mutated or misregulated, are associated with forms of hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia, neonatal diabetes, or pre-disposition to type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Subunit:
Interacts with ABCC8/SUR. Interacts with ABCC9/SUR2.
Subcellular Location:
Cell Membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein
DISEASE:
Defects in KCNJ11 are the cause of familial hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia type 2 (HHF2) [MIM:601820]; also known as persistent hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia of infancy (PPHI) or congenital hyperinsulinism. HHF is the most common cause of persistent hypoglycemia in infancy and is due to defective negative feedback regulation of insulin secretion by low glucose levels. It causes nesidioblastosis, a diffuse abnormality of the pancreas in which there is extensive, often disorganized formation of new islets. Unless early and aggressive intervention is undertaken, brain damage from recurrent episodes of hypoglycemia may occur.
Defects in KCNJ11 are a cause of diabetes mellitus permanent neonatal (PNDM) [MIM:606176]. PNDM is a rare form of diabetes distinct from childhood-onset autoimmune diabetes mellitus type 1. It is characterized by insulin-requiring hyperglycemia that is diagnosed within the first months of life. Permanent neonatal diabetes requires lifelong therapy.
Defects in KCNJ11 are the cause of transient neonatal diabetes mellitus type 3 (TNDM3) [MIM:610582]. Neonatal diabetes mellitus, defined as insulin-requiring hyperglycemia within the first month of life, is a rare entity. In about half of the neonates, diabetes is transient and resolves at a median age of 3 months, whereas the rest have a permanent form of diabetes. In a significant number of patients with transient neonatal diabetes mellitus, diabetes type 2 appears later in life. The onset and severity of TNDM3 is variable with childhood-onset diabetes, gestational diabetes or adult-onset diabetes described.
Note=Defects in KCNJ11 may contribute to non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM), also known as diabetes mellitus type 2.
Similarity:
Belongs to the inward rectifier-type potassium channel (TC 1.A.2.1) family. KCNJ11 subfamily.
SWISS:
Q14654
Gene ID:
3767
Database links:
Entrez Gene: 3767 Human
Entrez Gene: 16514 Mouse
Omim: 600937 Human
SwissProt: Q14654 Human
SwissProt: Q61743 Mouse
Unigene: 248141 Human
Unigene: 333863 Mouse
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