The transcriptional repressing Polycomb-group (PcG) and transcriptional activating trithorax-group (trxG) genes of Drosophila are part of a cellular memory system responsible for the stable inheritance of gene activity. PcG proteins assemble into multimeric protein complexes, which are involved in maintaining the transcriptional repressive state of genes over successive cell generations. EED (embryonic ectoderm development) is the human homolog of Eed, a murine PcG gene homologous to the Drosophila homeotic gene, extra sex combs. The human EED protein is 99. 5% identical to the mouse EED protein and contains seven WD repeats, which are involved in protein-protein interactions. There are two human EED transcripts that contain a putative 407-nucleotide-long intron and give rise to two HEED protein isoforms, 535 and 494 amino acids in length. EED interacts in a highly specific manner, both in vitro and in vivo, with histone deacetylase (HDAC) proteins.
Function:
Polycomb group (PcG) protein. Component of the PRC2/EED-EZH2 complex, which methylates 'Lys-9' and 'Lys-27' of histone H3, leading to transcriptional repression of the affected target gene. The PRC2/EED-EZH2 complex may also serve as a recruiting platform for DNA methyltransferases, thereby linking two epigenetic repression systems. Genes repressed by the PRC2/EED-EZH2 complex include HOXC8, HOXA9, MYT1 and CDKN2A.
Subunit:
Interacts with MLL (By similarity). Component of the PRC2/EED-EZH2 complex, which includes EED, EZH2, SUZ12, RBBP4 and RBBP7 and possibly AEBP2. The minimum components required for methyltransferase activity of the PRC2/EED-EZH2 complex are EED, EZH2 and SUZ12. Component of the PRC2/EED-EZH1 complex, which includes EED, EZH1, SUZ12, RBBP4 and AEBP2. The PRC2 complex may also interact with DNMT1, DNMT3A, DNMT3B and PHF1 via the EZH2 subunit and with SIRT1 via the SUZ12 subunit. Interacts with HDAC, HDAC2, histone H1 and YY1. May interact with ITGA4, ITGAE and ITGB7. May interact with the MA protein of HISLV1.
Subcellular Location:
Nucleus. Chromosome. Transiently colocalizes with XIST at inactive X chromosomes.
Tissue Specificity:
Expressed in brain, colon, heart, kidney, liver, lung, muscle, ovary, peripheral blood leukocytes, pancreas, placenta, prostate, spleen, small intestine, testis, thymus and uterus. Appears to be overexpressed in breast and colon cancer.
Post-translational modifications:
Methylated. Binding to histone H1 'Lys-26' promotes mono-, di-, and trimethylation of internal lysines.
Similarity:
Belongs to the WD repeat ESC family.
Contains 7 WD repeats.
SWISS:
O75530
Gene ID:
8726
Database links:
Entrez Gene: 426381 Chicken
Entrez Gene: 404183 Cow
Entrez Gene: 8726 Human
Entrez Gene: 13626 Mouse
Entrez Gene: 398420 Xenopus laevis
Omim: 605984 Human
SwissProt: Q5ZKH3 Chicken
SwissProt: Q3SZ25 Cow
SwissProt: O75530 Human
SwissProt: Q921E6 Mouse
SwissProt: Q8UUP2 Xenopus laevis
Unigene: 503510 Human
Unigene: 380914 Mouse
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