Chromodomains participate in the recognition of lysine-methylated histone tails and nucleic acids. The CHD1 protein, named for its chromo-domain, ATPase helicase-like domain and DNA-binding domain, functions as an ATP-utilizing chromatin assembly factor. Unlike HP1 and Polycomb proteins that use single chromodomains to bind to their respective methylated Histone H3 tails, the two chromodomains of CHD1 cooperate to associate with one methylated H3 tail. Unique inserts within chromodomain 1 of CHD1 block the expected site of H3 tail binding seen in HP1 and Polycomb, and instead direct H3 binding to a groove at the interchromodomain junction. The human CHD1 gene maps to 5q21.1, and encodes a 1,709 amino acid deduced protein that shares 95.5% identity with the 1,711 amino acid mouse Chd1 polypeptide.
Function:
ATP-dependent chromatin-remodeling factor which functions as substrate recognition component of the transcription regulatory histone acetylation (HAT) complex SAGA. Regulates polymerase II transcription. Also required for efficient transcription by RNA polymerase I, and more specifically the polymerase I transcription termination step. Regulates negatively DNA replication. Not only involved in transcription-related chromatin-remodeling, but also required to maintain a specific chromatin configuration across the genome. Is also associated with histone deacetylase (HDAC) activity (By similarity). Required for the bridging of SNF2, the FACT complex, the PAF complex as well as the U2 snRNP complex to H3K4me3. Functions to modulate the efficiency of pre-mRNA splicing in part through physical bridging of spliceosomal components to H3K4me3. Required for maintaining open chromatin and pluripotency in embryonic stem cells.
Subcellular Location:
Nucleus. Cytoplasm. Is released into the cytoplasm when cells enter mitosis and is reincorporated into chromatin during telophase-cytokinesis.
Similarity:
Belongs to the SNF2/RAD54 helicase family.
Contains 2 chromo domains.
Contains 1 helicase ATP-binding domain.
Contains 1 helicase SLCterminal domain.
SWISS:
O14646
Gene ID:
1105
Database links:
Entrez Gene: 1105 Human
Omim: 602118 Human
SwissProt: O14646 Human
Unigene: 643465 Human
|
|
