This gene encodes an enzyme that functions in the final steps in the biosynthesis of CoQ (ubiquinone), a redox carrier in the mitochondrial respiratory chain and a lipid-soluble antioxidant. This enzyme, which is part of the coenzyme Q10 pathway, catalyzes the prenylation of parahydroxybenzoate with an all-trans polyprenyl group. Mutations in this gene cause coenzyme Q10 deficiency, a mitochondrial encephalomyopathy, and also COQ2 nephropathy, an inherited form of mitochondriopathy with primary renal involvement. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2009]
Function:
Catalyzes the prenylation of para-hydroxybenzoate (PHB) with an all-trans polyprenyl group. Mediates the second step in the final reaction sequence of coenzyme Q (CoQ) biosynthesis, which is the condensation of the polyisoprenoid side chain with PHB.
Subcellular Location:
Mitochondrion membrane.
Tissue Specificity:
Widely expressed. Present in all of the tissues tested. Expressed at higher level in skeletal muscle, adrenal glands and the heart.
DISEASE:
Defects in COQ2 are the cause of coenzyme Q10 deficiency, primary, type 1 (COQ10D1) [MIM:607426]. An autosomal recessive disorder with variable manifestations consistent with 5 major phenotypes. The phenotypes include an encephalomyopathic form with seizures and ataxia; a multisystem infantile form with encephalopathy, cardiomyopathy and renal failure; a predominantly cerebellar form with ataxia and cerebellar atrophy; Leigh syndrome with growth retardation; and an isolated myopathic form.
Similarity:
Belongs to the UbiA prenyltransferase family.
SWISS:
Q96H96
Gene ID:
27235
Database links:
Entrez Gene: 27235 Human
Omim: 609825 Human
SwissProt: Q96H96 Human
Unigene: 144304 Human
Unigene: 729069 Human
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