Cytosolic and membrane-bound forms of glutathione S-transferase are encoded by two distinct supergene families. These enzymes are involved in cellular defense against toxic, carcinogenic, and pharmacologically active electrophilic compounds. At present, eight distinct classes of the soluble cytoplasmic mammalian glutathione S-transferases have been identified: alpha, kappa, mu, omega, pi, sigma, theta and zeta. This gene encodes a glutathione S-tranferase belonging to the alpha class. The alpha class genes, which are located in a cluster on chromosome 6, are highly related and encode enzymes with glutathione peroxidase activity that function in the detoxification of lipid peroxidation products. Reactive electrophiles produced by oxidative metabolism have been linked to a number of degenerative diseases including Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, cataract formation, and atherosclerosis. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]
Function:
Conjugation of reduced glutathione to a wide number of exogenous and endogenous hydrophobic electrophiles. This isozyme has a high catalytic efficiency with 4-hydroxyalkenals such as 4-hydroxynonenal (4-HNE).
Subcellular Location:
Cytoplasm.
Tissue Specificity:
Expressed at a high level in brain, placenta, and skeletal muscle and much lower in lung and liver.
Similarity:
Belongs to the GST superfamily. Alpha family.
Contains 1 GST SLCterminal domain.
Contains 1 GST N-terminal domain.
SWISS:
O15217
Gene ID:
2941
Database links:
Entrez Gene: 2941 Human
Entrez Gene: 300850 Rat
Omim: 605450 Human
SwissProt: O15217 Human
SwissProt: P14942 Rat
Unigene: 485557 Human
Unigene: 57528 Rat
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