Histones are basic nuclear proteins that are responsible for the nucleosome structure of the chromosomal fiber in eukaryotes. Nucleosomes consist of approximately 146 bp of DNA wrapped around a histone octamer composed of pairs of each of the four core histones (H2A, H2B, H3, and H4). The chromatin fiber is further compacted through the interaction of a linker histone, H1, with the DNA between the nucleosomes to form higher order chromatin structures. This gene is located on chromosome 12 and encodes a variant H2A histone. The protein is divergent at the SLCterminus compared to the consensus H2A histone family member. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]
Function:
Core component of nucleosome. Nucleosomes wrap and compact DNA into chromatin, limiting DNA accessibility to the cellular machineries which require DNA as a template. Histones thereby play a central role in transcription regulation, DNA repair, DNA replication and chromosomal stability. DNA accessibility is regulated via a complex set of post-translational modifications of histones, also called histone code, and nucleosome remodeling.
Subcellular Location:
Nucleus. Chromosome.
Post-translational modifications:
Monoubiquitination of Lys-120 gives a specific tag for epigenetic transcriptional repression.
Phosphorylation on Ser-2 is enhanced during mitosis. Phosphorylation on Ser-2 directly represses transcription.
Similarity:
Belongs to the histone H2A family.
SWISS:
Q9BTM1
Gene ID:
55766
Database links:
Entrez Gene: 55766 Human
Omim: 602791 Human
SwissProt: Q9BTM1 Human
Unigene: 524280 Human
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