This gene encodes a double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) binding protein that complexes with other proteins, dsRNAs, small noncoding RNAs, and mRNAs to regulate gene expression and stabilize mRNAs. This protein was first discovered to be a subunit of the nuclear factor of activated T-cells (NFAT); a transcription factor required for T-cell expression of interleukin 2. NFAT is a heterodimer of 45 kDa and 90 kDa proteins, the larger of which is the product of this gene. These proteins have been shown to affect the redistribution of nuclear mRNA to the cytoplasm. Knockdown of NF45 or NF90 protein retards cell growth; possibly by inhibition of mRNA stabilization. In contrast, an isoform (NF110) of this gene that is predominantly restricted to the nucleus has only minor effects on cell growth when its levels are reduced. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms.[provided by RefSeq, Nov 2008]
Function:
May facilitate double-stranded RNA-regulated gene expression at the level of post-transcription. Can act as a translation inhibitory protein which binds to coding sequences of acid beta-glucosidase (GCase) and other mRNAs and functions at the initiation phase of GCase mRNA translation, probably by inhibiting its binding to polysomes. Can regulate protein arginine N-methyltransferase 1 activity. May regulate transcription of the IL2 gene during T-cell activation. Can promote the formation of stable DNA-dependent protein kinase holoenzyme complexes on DNA.
Subcellular Location:
Nucleus; nucleolus. Cytoplasm. Localized in cytoplasmic mRNP granules containing untranslated mRNAs.
Tissue Specificity:
Ubiquitous.
Post-translational modifications:
Phosphorylated by RNA-dependent protein kinase (EIF2AK2).
Methylated by protein arginine N-methyltransferase 1.
Arg-609 is dimethylated, probably to asymmetric dimethylarginine.
Similarity:
Contains 2 DRBM (double-stranded RNA-binding) domains.
Contains 1 DZF domain.
SWISS:
Q12906
Gene ID:
729
Database links:
Entrez Gene: 729 Human
Entrez Gene: 614936 Cow
Entrez Gene: 16201 Mouse
Entrez Gene: 84472 Rat
Entrez Gene: 321868 Zebrafish
Omim: 603182 Human
SwissProt: Q12906 Human
SwissProt: Q9Z1X4 Mouse
SwissProt: Q9JIL3 Rat
SwissProt: Q6NXA4 Zebrafish
Unigene: 465885 Human
Unigene: 88026 Mouse
Unigene: 203881 Rat
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