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Rabbit Anti-Aprataxin antibody
Aprataxin is a nuclear protein, present in both the nucleoplasm and the nucleolus, which is a member of the histidine triad (HIT) superfamily. Aprataxin is involved in DNA single-strand break repair, mediating protein-protein interactions with molecules responding to DNA damage. Aprataxin contains three conserved domains: an N-terminal forkhead-associated (FHA) domain which mediates protein-protein interactions, a HIT domain that is similar to Hint, and a SLCterminal zinc finger domain. Loss of function mutations in APTX, the gene encoding for Aprataxin, destabilize the Aprataxin protein and result in a rare neurological disorder known as ataxia-oculomotor apraxia, characterized by abnormal movements of the head and eyes. These mutations either target the HIT domain or truncate the protein N-terminal to a zinc finger.
Function:
DNA-binding protein involved in single-strand DNA break repair, double-strand DNA break repair and base excision repair. Resolves abortive DNA ligation intermediates formed either at base excision sites, or when DNA ligases attempt to repair non-ligatable breaks induced by reactive oxygen species. Catalyzes the release of adenylate groups covalently linked to 5'-phosphate termini, resulting in the production of 5'-phosphate termini that can be efficiently rejoined. Also able to hydrolyze adenosine 5'-monophosphoramidate (AMP-NH(2)) and diadenosine tetraphosphate (AppppA), but with lower catalytic activity.
Subunit:
Interacts with single-strand break repair proteins XRCC1, XRCC4, ADPRT and p53/TP53. Interacts with NCL. Interacts (via FHA-like domain) with MDC1 (phosphorylated).
Subcellular Location:
Nucleus, nucleoplasm. Nucleus, nucleolus. Upon genotoxic stress, colocalizes with XRCC1 at sites of DNA damage. Colocalizes with MDC1 at sites of DNA double-strand breaks. Interaction with NCL is required for nucleolar localization.
Tissue Specificity:
Widely expressed. In brain, it is expressed in the posterior cortex, cerebellum, hippocampus and olfactory bulb. Isoform 1 is highly expressed in the cerebral cortex and cerebellum, compared to isoform 2.
DISEASE:
Defects in APTX are the cause of ataxia-oculomotor apraxia syndrome (AOA) [MIM:208920]. AOA is an autosomal recessive syndrome characterized by early-onset cerebellar ataxia, oculomotor apraxia, early areflexia and late peripheral neuropathy.
Defects in APTX are a cause of coenzyme Q10 deficiency (COQ10D) [MIM:607426]. Coenzyme Q10 deficiency is an autosomal recessive disorder with variable manifestations. It can be associated with three main clinical phenotypes: a predominantly myopathic form with central nervous system involvement, an infantile encephalomyopathy with renal dysfunction and an ataxic form with cerebellar atrophy.
Similarity:
Contains 1 C2H2-type zinc finger.
Contains 1 FHA-like domain.
Contains 1 HIT domain.
SWISS:
Q7Z2E3
Gene ID:
54168
Database links:
Entrez Gene: 54168 Human
Omim: 606350 Human
SwissProt: Q7Z2E3 Human
Unigene: 20158 Human
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