Histones are basic nuclear proteins that are responsible for the nucleosome structure of the chromosomal fiber in eukaryotes. This structure consists of approximately 146 bp of DNA wrapped around a nucleosome, an octamer composed of pairs of each of the four core histones (H2A, H2B, H3, and H4). The chromatin fiber is further compacted through the interaction of a linker histone, H1, with the DNA between the nucleosomes to form higher order chromatin structures. This gene encodes a member of the histone H2B family and is found in a histone cluster on chromosome 1. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2013]
Function:
Core component of nucleosome. Nucleosomes wrap and compact DNA into chromatin, limiting DNA accessibility to the cellular machineries which require DNA as a template. Histones thereby play a central role in transcription regulation, DNA repair, DNA replication and chromosomal stability. DNA accessibility is regulated via a complex set of post-translational modifications of histones, also called histone code, and nucleosome remodeling.
Subcellular Location:
Nucleus. Chromosome.
Post-translational modifications:
Monoubiquitination of Lys-121 by the RNF20/40 complex gives a specific tag for epigenetic transcriptional activation and is also prerequisite for histone H3 'Lys-4' and 'Lys-79' methylation. It also functions cooperatively with the FACT dimer to stimulate elongation by RNA polymerase II.
Phosphorylated on Ser-15 by STK4/MST1 during apoptosis; which facilitates apoptotic chromatin condensation. Also phosphorylated on Ser-15 in response to DNA double strand breaks (DSBs), and in correlation with somatic hypermutation and immunoglobulin class-switch recombination.
Similarity:
Belongs to the histone H2B family.
SWISS:
P62807
Gene ID:
8349
Database links:
Entrez Gene: 8349 Human
Entrez Gene: 319190 Mouse
Omim: 601831 Human
SwissProt: P62807 Human
SwissProt: Q16778 Human
SwissProt: Q5QNX0 Human
SwissProt: Q64524 Mouse
Unigene: 2178 Human
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