MR1 is a 341 amino acid single-pass membrane protein that localizes to the endoplasmic reticulum, as well as to the extracellular side of the cell membrane, and contains one Ig-like C1-type domain. Expressed ubiquitously, MR1 exists as a heterodimer with β-2-Microglobulin and plays an important role in antigen presentation, specifically in the development and expansion of mucosal-associated invariant T cells (MAITs). MAITs are located in the gut and are involved in monitoring flora levels, as well as in conveying distress signals to other areas of the body, indicating a role for MR1 in proper digestion and immune system function. MR1 exists as four alternatively spliced isoforms and is encoded by a gene which maps to human chromosome 1.
Function:
Similar to a typical class I MHC molecule, the MR1 (MHSLCrelated 1) protein comprises a signal sequence, 3 extracellular domains (alpha-1, alpha-2, and alpha-3), a transmembrane domain, and a cytoplasmic domain. MR1 encodes peptide-binding domains similar to those encoded by HLA class I genes.
SWISS:
Q9592
Gene ID:
3140
Database links:
Entrez Gene: 3140 Human
Omim: 600764 Human
SwissProt: Q9592 Human
Unigene: 101168 Human
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