The protein encoded by this gene is one of the highly conserved mini-chromosome maintenance proteins (MCM) that are essential for the initiation of eukaryotic genome replication. The hexameric protein complex formed by the MCM proteins is a key component of the pre-replication complex (pre_RC) and may be involved in the formation of replication forks and in the recruitment of other DNA replication related proteins. The MCM complex consisting of this protein and MCM2, 4 and 7 proteins possesses DNA helicase activity, and may act as a DNA unwinding enzyme. The phosphorylation of the complex by CDC2 kinase reduces the helicase activity, suggesting a role in the regulation of DNA replication. Single nucleotide polymorphisms in the intron regions of this gene are associated with differential transcriptional activation of the promoter of the neighboring lactase gene and, thereby, influence lactose intolerance in early adulthood. [provided by RefSeq, May 2012]
Function:
Acts as component of the MCM2-7 complex (MCM complex) which is the putative replicative helicase essential for 'once per cell cycle' DNA replication initiation and elongation in eukaryotic cells. The active ATPase sites in the MCM2-7 ring are formed through the interaction surfaces of two neighboring subunits such that a critical structure of a conserved arginine finger motif is provided in trans relative to the ATP-binding site of the Walker A box of the adjacent subunit. The six ATPase active sites, however, are likely to contribute differentially to the complex helicase activity.
Subcellular Location:
Nucleus. Binds to chromatin during G1 and detach from it during S phase.
Post-translational modifications:
Phosphorylated upon DNA damage, probably by ATM or ATR.
Similarity:
Belongs to the MCM family.
Contains 1 MCM domain.
SWISS:
Q14566
Gene ID:
4175
Database links:
Entrez Gene: 4175 Human
Entrez Gene: 517812 Cow
Entrez Gene: 17219 Mouse
Entrez Gene: 29685 Rat
Omim: 60366 Human
SwissProt: Q2KIZ8 Cow
SwissProt: Q14566 Human
SwissProt: P97311 Mouse
SwissProt: Q62724 Rat
Unigene: 444118 Human
Unigene: 4933 Mouse
Unigene: 33226 Rat
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