Actins are highly conserved proteins that are involved in various types of cell motility and in the maintenance of the cytoskeleton. Three types of actins, alpha, beta and gamma, have been identified in vertebrates. Alpha actins are found in muscle tissues and are a major constituent of the contractile apparatus. The beta and gamma actins co-exist in most cell types as components of the cytoskeleton and as mediators of internal cell motility. This gene encodes actin gamma 2; a smooth muscle actin found in enteric tissues. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms. Based on similarity to peptide cleavage of related actins, the mature protein of this gene is formed by removal of two N-terminal peptides.[provided by RefSeq, Dec 2010]
Function:
Actins are highly conserved proteins that are involved in various types of cell motility and are ubiquitously expressed in all eukaryotic cells.
Subunit:
Polymerization of globular actin (G-actin) leads to a structural filament (F-actin) in the form of a two-stranded helix. Each actin can bind to 4 others.
Subcellular Location:
Cytoplasm, cytoskeleton.
Post-translational modifications:
Oxidation of Met-45 and Met-48 by MICALs (MICAL1, MICAL2 or MICAL3) to form methionine sulfoxide promotes actin filament depolymerization. MICAL1 and MICAL2 produce the (R)-S-oxide form. The (R)-S-oxide form is reverted by MSRB1 and MSRB2, which promote actin repolymerization.
Monomethylation at Lys-85 (K84me1) regulates actin-myosin interaction and actomyosin-dependent processes. Demethylation by ALKSH4 is required for maintaining actomyosin dynamics supporting normal cleavage furrow ingression during cytokinesis and cell migration.
Similarity:
Belongs to the actin family.
SWISS:
P63267
Gene ID:
72
Database links:
Entrez Gene: 396084 Chicken
Entrez Gene: 281595 Cow
Entrez Gene: 72 Human
Entrez Gene: 11468 Mouse
Entrez Gene: 25365 Rat
Omim: 102545 Human
SwissProt: P63270 Chicken
SwissProt: Q5E9B5 Cow
SwissProt: P63267 Human
SwissProt: P63268 Mouse
SwissProt: P63269 Rat
Unigene: 516105 Human
Unigene: 292865 Mouse
Unigene: 958 Rat
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