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Rabbit Anti-macro H2A.1 antibody
Histones are basic nuclear proteins that are responsible for the nucleosome structure of the chromosomal fiber in eukaryotes. Nucleosomes consist of approximately 146 bp of DNA wrapped around a histone octamer composed of pairs of each of the four core histones (H2A, H2B, H3, and H4). The chromatin fiber is further compacted through the interaction of a linker histone, H1, with the DNA between the nucleosomes to form higher order chromatin structures. This gene encodes a member of the histone H2A family. It replaces conventional H2A histones in a subset of nucleosomes where it represses transcription and participates in stable X chromosome inactivation. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]
Function:
Variant histone H2A which replaces conventional H2A in a subset of nucleosomes where it represses transcription. Nucleosomes wrap and compact DNA into chromatin, limiting DNA accessibility to the cellular machineries which require DNA as a template. Histones thereby play a central role in transcription regulation, DNA repair, DNA replication and chromosomal stability. DNA accessibility is regulated via a complex set of post-translational modifications of histones, also called histone code, and nucleosome remodeling. Involved in stable X chromosome inactivation. Inhibits the binding of transcription factors and interferes with the activity of remodeling SWI/SNF complexes. Inhibits histone acetylation by EP300 and recruits class I HDACs, which induces an hypoacetylated state of chromatin. In addition, isoform 1, but not isoform 2, binds ADP-ribose and O-acetyl-ADP-ribose, and may be involved in ADP-ribose-mediated chromatin modulation.
Subcellular Location:
Nucleus. Chromosome. Enriched in inactive X chromosome chromatin and in senescence-associated heterochromatin.
Tissue Specificity:
Ubiquitous.
Post-translational modifications:
Monoubiquitinated at either Lys-116 or Lys-117. May also be polyubiquitinated. Ubiquitination is mediated by the CUL3/SPOP E3 complex and does not promote proteasomal degradation. Instead, it is required for enrichment in inactive X chromosome chromatin.
Similarity:
Contains 1 histone H2A domain.
Contains 1 Macro domain.
SWISS:
O75367
Gene ID:
9555
Database links:
Entrez Gene: 9555 Human
Entrez Gene: 26914 Mouse
Entrez Gene: 29384 Rat
Omim: 610054 Human
SwissProt: O75367 Human
SwissProt: Q9QZQ8 Mouse
SwissProt: Q02874 Rat
Unigene: 420272 Human
Unigene: 599225 Human
Unigene: 283802 Mouse
Unigene: 478369 Mouse
Unigene: 1220 Rat
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