DEAD box proteins, characterized by the conserved motif Asp-Glu-Ala-Asp (DEAD), are putative RNA helicases. They are implicated in a number of cellular processes involving alteration of RNA secondary structure such as translation initiation, nuclear and mitochondrial splicing, and ribosome and spliceosome assembly. Based on their distribution patterns, some members of this family are believed to be involved in embryogenesis, spermatogenesis, and cellular growth and division. This gene encodes a DEAD box protein that is upregulated in response to treatment with beta-interferon and a protein kinase SLCactivating compound, mezerein. Irreversible reprogramming of melanomas can be achieved by treatment with both these agents; treatment with either agent alone only achieves reversible differentiation. Genetic variation in this gene is associated with diabetes mellitus insulin-dependent type 19. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2012]
Function:
RNA helicase that, through its ATP-dependent unwinding of RNA, may function to promote message degradation by specific RNases. Seems to have growth suppressive properties. Involved in innate immune defense against viruses. Upon interaction with intracellular dsRNA produced during viral replication, triggers a transduction cascade involving MAVS/IPS1, which results in the activation of NF-kappa-B, IRF3 and IRF7 and the induction of the expression of antiviral cytokines such as IFN-beta and RANTES (CCL5). ATPase activity is specifically induced by dsRNA. Essential for the production of interferons in response to picornaviruses.
Subcellular Location:
Cytoplasm. Nucleus. May be found in the nucleus, during apoptosis.
Tissue Specificity:
Widely expressed, at a low level. Expression is detected at slightly highest levels in placenta, pancreas and spleen and at barely levels in detectable brain, testis and lung.
Post-translational modifications:
During apoptosis, processed into 3 cleavage products. The helicase-containing fragment, once liberated from the CARD domains, translocate from the cytoplasm to the nucleus. The processed protein significantly sensitizes cells to DNA degradation.
DISEASE:
Genetic variation in IFIH1 is associated with diabetes mellitus insulin-dependent type 19 (IDDM19) [MIM:610155]. A multifactorial disorder of glucose homeostasis that is characterized by susceptibility to ketoacidosis in the absence of insulin therapy. Clinical fetaures are polydipsia, polyphagia and polyuria which result from hyperglycemia-induced osmotic diuresis and secondary thirst. These derangements result in long-term complications that affect the eyes, kidneys, nerves, and blood vessels.
Note=IFIH1 is the CADM-140 autoantigen, involved in clinically amyopathic dermatomyositis (CADM). This is a chronic inflammatory disorder that shows typical skin manifestations of dermatomyositis but has no or little evidence of clinical myositis. Anti-CADM-140 antibodies appear to be specific to dermatomyositis, especially CADM. Patients with anti-CADM-140 antibodies frequently develop life-threatening acute progressive interstitial lung disease (ILD).
Similarity:
Belongs to the helicase family.
Contains 2 CARD domains.
Contains 1 helicase ATP-binding domain.
Contains 1 helicase SLCterminal domain.
SWISS:
Q9BYX4
Gene ID:
64135
Database links:
Entrez Gene: 64135 Human
Entrez Gene: 71586 Mouse
Omim: 606951 Human
SwissProt: Q9BYX4 Human
SwissProt: Q8R5F7 Mouse
Unigene: 163173 Human
Unigene: 136224 Mouse
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