L-glutamate is the major excitatory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system and activates both ionotropic and metabotropic glutamate receptors. Glutamatergic neurotransmission is involved in most aspects of normal brain function and can be perturbed in many neuropathologic conditions. The metabotropic glutamate receptors are a family of G protein-coupled receptors, that have been divided into 3 groups on the basis of sequence homology, putative signal transduction mechanisms, and pharmacologic properties. Group I includes GRM1 and GRM5 and these receptors have been shown to activate phospholipase C. Group II includes GRM2 and GRM3 while Group III includes GRM4, GRM6, GRM7 and GRM8. Group II and III receptors are linked to the inhibition of the cyclic AMP cascade but differ in their agonist selectivities. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2012]
Function:
Receptor for glutamate. The activity of this receptor is mediated by a G-protein that inhibits adenylate cyclase activity.
Subunit:
Homodimer.
Subcellular Location:
Cell membrane.
Tissue Specificity:
Detected in melanocytes.
DISEASE:
Defects in GRM6 are the cause of congenital stationary night blindness type 1B (CSNB1B) [MIM:257270]. This disorder consits of a previously unrecognized, autosomal recessive form of congenital night blindness associated with a negative electroretinogram waveform. Patients are night blind from an early age, and when maximally dark-adapted, they could perceive lights only with an intensity equal to or slightly dimmer than that normally detected by the cone system. ERGs in response to single brief flashes of light have clearly detectable a-waves, which are derived from photoreceptors, and greatly reduced b-waves, which are derived from the second-order inner retinal neurons. ERGs in response to sawtooth flickering light indicate a markedly reduced ON response and a nearly normal OFF response. There is no subjective delay in the perception of suddenly appearing white vs black objects on a gray background.
Similarity:
Belongs to the G-protein coupled receptor 3 family.
SWISS:
O15303
Gene ID:
2916
Database links:
Entrez Gene: 2916 Human
Entrez Gene: 108072 Mouse
Entrez Gene: 100009501 Rabbit
Entrez Gene: 24419 Rat
Omim: 604096 Human
SwissProt: O15303 Human
SwissProt: Q5NCH9 Mouse
SwissProt: Q863I4 Rabbit
SwissProt: P35349 Rat
Unigene: 248131 Human
Unigene: 134265 Mouse
Unigene: 44615 Rat
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