This gene encodes an extracellular protein that plays a crucial role in the cellular organization of the retina. The encoded protein is assembled and secreted from photoreceptors and bipolar cells as a homo-oligomeric protein complex. Mutations in this gene are responsible for X-linked retinoschisis, a common, early-onset macular degeneration in males that results in a splitting of the inner layers of the retina and severe loss in vision. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2008]
Function:
May be active in cell adhesion processes during retinal development.
Subcellular Location:
Secreted.
Tissue Specificity:
Restricted to the retina (at protein level). At the mRNA level, detected only within the photoreceptor cell layer, most prominently within the inner segments of the photoreceptors. Undetectable in the inner plexiform layers and the inner nuclear layer. At the protein level, found in the inner segment of the photoreceptors, the inner nuclear layer, the inner plexiform layer and the ganglion cell layer. At the macula, expressed in both the outer and inner nuclear layers and in the inner plexiform layer (at protein level).
DISEASE:
Defects in RS1 are the cause of retinoschisis juvenile X-linked type 1 (XLRS1) [MIM:312700]. A vitreo-retinal dystrophy characterized by macular pathology and by splitting of the superficial layer of the retina. Macular changes are present in almost all cases. In the fundi, radially oriented intraretinal foveomacular cysts are seen in a spoke-wheel configuration, with the absence of foveal reflex in most cases. In addition, approximately half of cases have bilateral peripheral retinoschisis in the inferotemporal part of the retina. Aside from the typical fundus appearance, strabismus, nystagmus, axial hyperopia, defective color vision and foveal ectopy can be present. The most important complications are vitreous hemorrhage, retinal detachment, and neovascular glaucoma.
Similarity:
Contains 1 F5/8 type C domain.
SWISS:
O15537
Gene ID:
6247
Database links:
Entrez Gene: 6247 Human
Entrez Gene: 20147 Mouse
Omim: 300839 Human
SwissProt: O15537 Human
SwissProt: Q9Z1L4 Mouse
Unigene: 715725 Human
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