This gene is one of three myosin V heavy-chain genes, belonging to the myosin gene superfamily. Myosin V is a class of actin-based motor proteins involved in cytoplasmic vesicle transport and anchorage, spindle-pole alignment and mRNA translocation. The protein encoded by this gene is abundant in melanocytes and nerve cells. Mutations in this gene cause Griscelli syndrome type-1 (GS1), Griscelli syndrome type-3 (GS3) and neuroectodermal melanolysosomal disease, or Elejalde disease. Multiple alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been reported, but the full-length nature of some variants has not been determined. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2008]
Function:
Processive actin-based motor that can move in large steps approximating the 36-nm pseudo-repeat of the actin filament. Involved in melanosome transport. May also be required for some polarization process involved in dendrite formation.
Tissue Specificity:
Detected in melanocytes.
DISEASE:
Defects in MYO5A are a cause of Griscelli syndrome type 1 (GS1) [MIM:214450]; also known as Griscelli syndrome with primary neurologic impairment. Griscelli syndrome is a rare autosomal recessive disorder that results in pigmentary dilution of the skin and hair, the presence of large clumps of pigment in hair shafts, silvery-gray hair and accumulation of melanosomes in melanocytes. GS1 patients show developmental delay, hypotonia and mental retardation, without apparent immune abnormalities.
Defects in MYO5A are a cause of Griscelli syndrome type 3 (GS3) [MIM:609227]. GS3 is characterized by pigmentary dilution of the skin and hair, the presence of large clumps of pigment in hair shafts, silvery-gray hair and accumulation of melanosomes in melanocytes, without other clinical manifestations.
Defects in MYO5A are a cause of Elejalde syndrome (ELEJAS) [MIM:256710]; also known as neuroectodermal melanolysosomal disease. Elejalde syndrome is an autosomal recessive condition characterized by skin hypopigmentation, the presence of large clumps of pigment in hair shafts, silvery-gray hair, accumulation of melanosomes in melanocytes and primary neurological abnormalities. Elejalde syndrome may be the same entity as Griscelli syndrome type 1.
Similarity:
Contains 1 dilute domain.
Contains 6 IQ domains.
Contains 1 myosin head-like domain.
SWISS:
Q9Y4I1
Gene ID:
4644
Database links:
Entrez Gene: 4644 Human
Entrez Gene: 17918 Mouse
Entrez Gene: 594849 Pig
Entrez Gene: 25017 Rat
Omim: 160777 Human
SwissProt: Q0288 Chicken
SwissProt: Q9Y4I1 Human
SwissProt: Q99104 Mouse
SwissProt: Q9QYF3 Rat
Unigene: 21213 Human
Unigene: 596221 Human
Unigene: 3645 Mouse
Unigene: 44865 Rat
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