This gene encodes a member of the cytosolic phospholipase A2 group IV family. The enzyme catalyzes the hydrolysis of membrane phospholipids to release arachidonic acid which is subsequently metabolized into eicosanoids. Eicosanoids, including prostaglandins and leukotrienes, are lipid-based cellular hormones that regulate hemodynamics, inflammatory responses, and other intracellular pathways. The hydrolysis reaction also produces lysophospholipids that are converted into platelet-activating factor. The enzyme is activated by increased intracellular Ca(2+) levels and phosphorylation, resulting in its translocation from the cytosol and nucleus to perinuclear membrane vesicles. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008].
Function:
Selectively hydrolyzes arachidonyl phospholipids in the sn-2 position releasing arachidonic acid. Together with its lysophospholipid activity, it is implicated in the initiation of the inflammatory response.
Subunit:
Interacts with KAT5.
Subcellular Location:
Cytoplasm. Cytoplasmic vesicle. Note=Translocates to membrane vesicles in a calcium-dependent fashion.
Tissue Specificity:
Expressed in various tissues such as macrophages, platelets, neutrophils, fibroblasts and lung endothelium.
Post-translational modifications:
Activated by phosphorylation at both Ser-505 and Ser-727.
Similarity:
Contains 1 C2 domain.
Contains 1 PLA2c domain.
SWISS:
P47712
Gene ID:
5321
Database links:
Entrez Gene: 5321 Human
SwissProt: P47712 Human
SwissProt: P47713 Mouse
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