This gene encodes a member of the serum amyloid A family of apolipoproteins. The encoded protein is a major acute phase protein that is highly expressed in response to inflammation and tissue injury. This protein also plays an important role in HDL metabolism and cholesterol homeostasis. High levels of this protein are associated with chronic inflammatory diseases including atherosclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis, Alzheimer's disease and Crohn's disease. This protein may also be a potential biomarker for certain tumors. Alternate splicing results in multiple transcript variants that encode the same protein. A pseudogene of this gene is found on chromosome 11.[provided by RefSeq, Jun 2012]
Function:
Major acute phase reactant. Apolipoprotein of the HDL complex.
Subunit:
Homohexamer; dimer of trimers. Can form amyloid fibrils after partial proteolysis; the native, undenatured protein does not form amyloid fibrils (in vitro). Apolipoprotein of the HDL complex. Binds to heparin.
Subcellular Location:
Secreted.
Tissue Specificity:
Expressed by the liver; secreted in plasma (at protein level).
Post-translational modifications:
This protein is the precursor of amyloid protein A, which is formed by the removal of approximately 24 residues from the SLCterminal end.
DISEASE:
Reactive, secondary amyloidosis is characterized by the extracellular accumulation in various tissues of the SAA1 protein. These deposits are highly insoluble and resistant to proteolysis; they disrupt tissue structure and compromise function.
Elevated serum SAA1 protein levels may be associated with lung cancer.
SWISS:
P05366
Gene ID:
20208
Database links:
Entrez Gene: 6288 Human
Entrez Gene: 20208 Mouse
Omim: 104750 Human
SwissProt: P0DJI8 Human
SwissProt: P05366 Mouse
Unigene: 632144 Human
Unigene: 141760 Mouse
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