Some form of LPS is a major component of the cell membrane of Gram negative bacteria, contributing greatly to the structural integrity of the bacteria, and protecting the membrane from certain kinds of chemical attack. LPS is an endotoxin, and induces a strong response from normal animal immune systems. LPS function has been under experimental research for several years due to its role in activating many transcriptional factors, which become active after stimulation with LPS. LPS also produces many types of mediators involved in septic shock.
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