This gene is a member of the SUMO gene family. This family of genes encode small ubiquitin-related modifiers that are attached to proteins and control the target proteins' subcellular localization, stability, or activity. The protein described in this record is located in the cytoplasm and specifically modifies IKBA, leading to negative regulation of NF-kappa-B-dependent transcription of the IL12B gene. A specific polymorphism in this SUMO gene, which leads to the M55V substitution, has been associated with type I diabetes. The RefSeq contains this polymorphism. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]
Function:
Ubiquitin-like protein which can be covalently attached to target lysines as a monomer. Does not seem to be involved in protein degradation and may modulate protein subcellular localization, stability or activity. Upon oxidative stress, conjugates to various anti-oxidant enzymes, chaperones, and stress defense proteins. May also conjugate to NFKBIA, TFAP2A and FOS, negatively regulating their transcriptional activity, and to NR3C1, positively regulating its transcriptional activity. Covalent attachment to its substrates requires prior activation by the E1 complex SAE1-SAE2 and linkage to the E2 enzyme UBE2I.
Tissue Specificity:
Expressed mainly in adult and embryonic kidney. Expressed at various levels in immune tissues, with the highest expression in the lymph node and spleen.
Post-translational modifications:
In contrast to SUMO1, SUMO2 and SUMO3, seems to be insensitive to sentrin-specific proteases due to the presence of Pro-90. This may impair processing to mature form and conjugation to substrates.
Similarity:
Belongs to the ubiquitin family. SUMO subfamily.Belongs to the ubiquitin family. SUMO subfamily.
Contains 1 ubiquitin-like domain.
Contains 1 ubiquitin-like domain.
SWISS:
Q6EEV6
Gene ID:
387082
Database links:
Entrez Gene: 387082 Human
Entrez Gene: 170930 Mouse
Entrez Gene: 690244 Rat
Omim: 608829 Human
SwissProt: Q6EEV6 Human
SwissProt: P61957 Mouse
SwissProt: P61959 Rat
Unigene: 657168 Human
Unigene: 29923 Mouse
Unigene: 154659 Rat
Unigene: 224526 Rat
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