Proteins of the matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) family are involved in the breakdown of extracellular matrix in normal physiological processes, such as embryonic development, reproduction, and tissue remodeling, as well as in disease processes, such as arthritis and metastasis. Most MMP's are secreted as inactive proproteins which are activated when cleaved by extracellular proteinases. This gene encodes a secreted enzyme which breaks down the interstitial collagens, types I, II, and III. The gene is part of a cluster of MMP genes which localize to chromosome 11q22.3. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants.[provided by RefSeq, Mar 2009]
Function:
Cleaves collagens of types I, II, and III at one site in the helical domain. Also cleaves collagens of types VII and X. In case of HIV infection, interacts and cleaves the secreted viral Tat protein, leading to a decrease in neuronal Tat's mediated neurotoxicity.
Subunit:
Interacts with HISLV1 Tat.
Subcellular Location:
Secreted, extracellular space, extracellular matrix (Probable).
Post-translational modifications:
Undergoes autolytic cleavage to two major forms (22 kDa and 27 kDa). A minor form (25 kDa) is the glycosylated form of the 22 kDa form. The 27 kDa form has no activity while the 22/25 kDa form can act as activator for collagenase.
Similarity:
Belongs to the peptidase M10A family.
Contains 4 hemopexin-like domains.
SWISS:
P03956
Gene ID:
4312
Database links:
Entrez Gene: 281308 Cow
Entrez Gene: 4312 Human
Omim: 120353 Human
SwissProt: P28053 Cow
SwissProt: P03956 Human
Unigene: 83169 Human
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