Estrogen and progesterone receptor are members of a family of transcription factors that are regulated by the binding of their cognate ligands. The interaction of hormone-bound estrogen receptors with estrogen responsive elements(EREs) alters transcription of ERE-containing genes. The carboxy terminal region of the estrgen receptor contains the ligand binding domain, the amino terminus serves as the transactivation domain, and the DNA binding domain is centrally located. Two forms of estrogen receptor have been identified, ER alpha and ER beta. ER alpha and ER beta have been shown to be differentially activated by various ligands. The biological response to progesterone is mediated by two distinct forms of the human progesterone receptor (hPR-Aand hPR-B), which arise from alternative splicing. In most cells, hPR-B functions as a transcriptional activator of progesterone-responsive gene, whereas hPR-A function as a transcriptional inhibitor of all steroid hormone receptors.
Function:
The steroid hormones and their receptors are involved in the regulation of eukaryotic gene expression and affect cellular proliferation and differentiation in target tissues. Progesterone receptor isoform B (PRB) is involved activation of c-SRC/MAPK signaling on hormone stimulation.
Isoform A is inactive in stimulating c-Src/MAPK signaling on hormone stimulation.
Subunit:
Interacts with SMARD1 and UNC45A. Interacts with CUEDC2; the interaction promotes ubiquitination, decreases sumoylation, and repesses transcriptional activity. Interacts with PIAS3; the interaction promotes sumoylation of PR in a hormone-dependent manner, inhibits DNA-binding, and alters nuclear export. Interacts with SP1; the interaction requires ligand-induced phosphorylation on Ser-345 by ERK1/2 MAPK. Interacts with PRMT2.
Subcellular Location:
Nucleus. Cytoplasm. Note=Nucleoplasmic shuttling is both homone- and cell cycle-dependent. On hormone stimulation, retained in the cytoplasm in the G(1) and G(2)/M phases. Isoform A: Nucleus. Cytoplasm. Note=Mainly nuclear.
Post-translational modifications:
Phosphorylated on multiple serine sites. Several of these sites are hormone-dependent. Phosphorylation on Ser-294 occurs preferentially on isoform B, is highly hormone-dependent and modulates ubiquitination and sumoylation on Lys-388. Phosphorylation on Ser-102 and Ser-345 also requires induction by hormone. Basal phosphorylation on Ser-81, Ser-162, Ser-190 and Ser-400 is increased in response to progesterone and can be phosphorylated in vitro by the CDK2-A1 complex. Increased levels of phosphorylation on Ser-400 also in the presence of EGF, heregulin, IGF, PMA and FBS. Phosphorylation at this site by CDK2 is ligand-independent, and increases nuclear translocation and transcriptional activity. Phosphorylation at Ser-162 and Ser-294, but not at Ser-190, is impaired during the G(2)/M phase of the cell cycle. Phosphorylation on Ser-345 by ERK1/2 MAPK is required for interaction with SP1.
Sumoylation is hormone-dependent and represses transcriptional activity. Sumoylation on all three sites is enhanced by PIAS3. Desumoylated by SENP1. Sumoylation on Lys-388, the main site of sumoylation, is repressed by ubiquitination on the same site, and modulated by phosphorylation at Ser-294.
Similarity:
Belongs to the nuclear hormone receptor family. NR3 subfamily.
Contains 1 nuclear receptor DNA-binding domain.
SWISS:
P01281
Gene ID:
5241
Database links:
Entrez Gene: 5241 Human
Entrez Gene: 18667 Mouse
Entrez Gene: 100009094 Rabbit
Entrez Gene: 25154 Rat
Omim: 607311 Human
SwissProt: P01281 Human
SwissProt: Q00175 Mouse
SwissProt: P06186 Rabbit
SwissProt: Q63449 Rat
Unigene: 2905 Human
Unigene: 3485 Human
Unigene: 74483 Human
Unigene: 12798 Mouse
Unigene: 437703 Mouse
Unigene: 1947 Rabbit
Unigene: 10303 Rat
类固醇受体（Steroid Receptors）孕激素受体是一类位于孕酮靶组织细胞内或细胞表面的特异蛋白质，特异地与孕酮结合，所形成的细胞溶质孕酮-受体复合物随后与细胞核内的DNA结合，以启动蛋白质生物合成。孕酮受体有A和B两种，受雌激素诱导，半寿期很短。
| Picture |
Paraformaldehyde-fixed, paraffin embedded (Mouse uterus); Antigen retrieval by boiling in sodium citrate buffer (pH6.0) for 15min; Block endogenous peroxidase by 3% hydrogen peroxide for 20 minutes; Blocking buffer (normal goat serum) at 37°C for 30min; Antibody incubation with (Progesterone Receptor) Monoclonal Antibody, Unconjugated (SLM33169M 1C5) at 1:400 overnight at 4°C, followed by operating according to SP Kit(Mouse) (sp-0024) instructionsand DAB staining.
|
|
|
