Ketamine is a drug used in human and veterinary medicine. Its hydrochloride salt is sold as Ketanest, Ketaset, and Ketalar. Pharmacologically, ketamine is classified as an NMDA receptor antagonist.[2] At high, fully anesthetic level doses, ketamine has also been found to bind to opioid Mu receptors and sigma receptors.[3][4] Like other drugs of this class such as tiletamine and phencyclidine (PCP), it induces a state referred to as "dissociative anesthesia"[5] and is used as a recreational drug.
氯胺酮（Ketamine），又称为开他敏、K粉，是一种非巴比妥类静脉全麻药。氯胺酮（ketanine）是苯环己哌啶（phencyclidine）的衍生物。临床所用的氯胺酮是右旋氯胺酮和左旋氯胺酮两对映异构体的消旋体。实验研究表明，右旋氯胺酮的麻醉效价为左旋氯胺酮的4倍，而苏醒期精神运动反应却较少。市售氯胺酮为其盐酸盐，易溶于水，pH3.5～5.5，pK a 7.5。
由于氯胺酮具有一定的精神依赖性，易使人形成瘾癖，便成为娱乐场所的常用毒品。这种外观纯白的细结晶体为鼻吸或溶于饮料后饮用，能兴奋心血管，吸食过量可致死。吸食者在其作用下会疯狂摇头，可能造成心力、呼吸衰竭。吸食过量或长期吸食，心、肺、神经都可能造成致命损伤。
充分认识“K粉”滥用对人体和社会造成的危害。不要轻信“K粉”不会成瘾的说法而去尝试，目前我国已将“K粉”列入和冰毒、吗啡、度冷丁等同属于毒品类，并严厉打击贩卖及吸食“K粉”。
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