MAP2 is the major microtubule associated protein of brain tissue. There are three forms of MAP2; two are similarily sized with apparent molecular weights of 280 kDa (MAP2a and MAP2b) and the third with a lower molecular weight of 70 kDa (MAP2c). In the newborn rat brain, MAP2b and MAP2c are present, while MAP2a is absent. Between postnatal days 10 and 20, MAP2a appears. At the same time, the level of MAP2c drops by 10-fold. This change happens during the period when dendrite growth is completed and when neurons have reached their mature morphology. MAP2 is degraded by a Cathepsin D-like protease in the brain of aged rats. There is some indication that MAP2 is expressed at higher levels in some types of neurons than in other types. MAP2 is known to promote microtubule assembly and to form side-arms on microtubules. It also interacts with neurofilaments, actin, and other elements of the cytoskeleton.
Function:
The exact function of MAP2 is unknown but MAPs may stabilize the microtubules against depolymerization. They also seem to have a stiffening effect on microtubules.
Subcellular Location:
Cytoplasm, cytoskeleton (Probable).
Post-translational modifications:
Phosphorylated at serine residues in K-X-G-S motifs by MAP/microtubule affinity-regulating kinase (MARK1 or MARK2), causing detachment from microtubules, and their disassembly. MAP2A/c is phosphorylated. Phosphorylated upon DNA damage, probably by ATM or ATR. Isoform MAP2c is phosphorylated by FYN at Tyr-67.
Similarity:
Contains 3 Tau/MAP repeats.
SWISS:
P11137
Gene ID:
4133
Database links:
Entrez Gene: 4133 Human
Entrez Gene: 25595 Rat
Omim: 157130 Human
SwissProt: P11137 Human
SwissProt: P20357 Mouse
SwissProt: P15146 Rat
Unigene: 368281 Human
Unigene: 256966 Mouse
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